28 April 2011

Today I Added Up Totals of Stranded Sea Turtles...

One of my tasks at my internship today was to go through a bunch of excel sheets and total up the number of stranded (dead) sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico. Quite a depressing job. It took a while, because there were different sets of data for Alabama, Florida (Gulf coast), Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. Florida and Texas by far had the greatest numbers, but I suspect it's because of their longer coastlines.

Here's what I found:
2007... 1252 total strandings.
2008... 1078 total strandings.
2009... 1259 total strandings.
2010... (BP oil spill) 2264 total strandings.
2011... we are not even half way through the year and the total number recorded is 1184.

:( Not a happy day at work today.

27 April 2011

Dolphin Sighting—Summer 2010


I just found this video on my computer from last July while I was getting my Open Water Diver certification. Dolphins swam with our boat for quite a ways up the coast to our dive site. I have at least 3 mins of footage, but cut it down to share :) I'm so glad Wednesday is almost over!

26 April 2011

Earth Overshoot Day

I found this article on Wikipedia about Earth Overshoot Day or Ecological Debt Day. Basically it is the day each year where the people of Earth enter a period of "deficit spending" of natural resources. Each year the date falls earlier and earlier, signifying humanity's overconsumption of Earth's available natural resources. What happens when we get to Jan 01? How long does humanity have left, really?

Not to scare you or anything.

The Ecological Debt Day for 2010 was August 21; 2009 was September 25.



Time to start practicing sustainability!

The BP Oil Spill—1 year and 6 days later


On April 20, 2010 the Deepwater Horizon exploded, killing 11 men and injuring 17. The oil flowed out of the uncapped well for 3 months and released 4.9 million barrels of crude oil.  1 barrel of crude oil = 19 gallons of gasoline. That's about how much my car will hold. Theoretically, I could have driven over 1.5 billion miles on that load of crap that spilled into the ocean.

The short-term effects we've all seen: tar balls washing up on shores, oil plumes remaining underwater, oiled animals washing up, coastal habitats destroyed. But as the oil is slowly dispersed, it doesn't mean that it has gone away from the ecosystem. It's still there, but just in smaller batches and smaller parts. Oil that washes up on sandy beaches, for example, just sinks down into the layers of sand where it remains for decades, and possible centuries. There is still oil and tar on the beaches near Santa Barbara from an oil spill in 1969, and that spill was only 80,000 to 100,000 barrels.

So what about now? What are the long-term effects we are seeing? Well, for starters, some of the dispersal chemicals used in the cleanup process are known carcinogens to humans. So people involved in cleanup are at risk, and now these chemicals are out in the ocean where they have the potential to harm marine life as well. (If you haven't noticed I'm probably more concerned with the marine life in the Gulf, who cares what happens to the humans involved.) Also, I've just read on Wikipedia that dispersants have a serious impact on phytoplankton as well. We're killing the whole food chain/Gulf ecosystem from the bottom, up.

Other long-term effects we've seen: In 2011 alone, 77 dolphins have washed up dead on Gulf shores, but it's also been concluded that that number may be up to 50 times less than the real number of dolphin deaths caused by the spill. I think there's been about 200 since the spill. And what's more is all this scientific data is now being held and won't be shared because it is being used in the criminal investigation of the oil spill. So we won't know for sure what's going on for a while. You should check out this article, but beware of sad photos :(

At least 250 dead sea turtles have washed up in 2011 alone, over 130 seen this month alone. Usually about 150 dead turtles wash up every YEAR. So we've hit some unfortunate records there. That doesn't even count the other 400 plus turtles that were impacted because of the spill, primarily Kemp's ridleys but also loggerheads, greens, and hawksbills that inhabit Gulf of Mexico waters.
  STRP Action Alert click here!

On the human health side of things—oil is not good for you. It damages your respiratory tract, your skin and causes miscarriages. The fishing industry is suffering seriously from the spill, costing people their livelihoods. Gulf coast tourism was affected as well. Overall, is offshore drilling worth the risk? We'll be seeing these effects for years and decades, probably centuries to come. I hope someday people will realize that fossil fuels are not the answer—we need clean, renewable energy now!

Someone please answer me: Why haven't we learned from our mistakes?

25 April 2011

"Sponges grow in the ocean. That just kills me. I wonder how much deeper the ocean would be if that didn't happen."
- Stephen Wright

Maybe Someday I'll Live in Hawai'i

The first full day we were in Hawai'i my dad, my brothers and I jumped on a boat and went off to scuba. I was certified in Hawai'i and the only other location where I've scuba dived is Breakwater in Monterey, CA. Where it is cold. And the vis was terrible. And the conditions were overall horrible. Maybe future experiences will make up for that one day.
 Me, my bros, and my cousin all ready for a day of scuba!
 The most amazing, coolest, awesomest, inspiring thing I've ever done in my life: night dive with manta rays. They are so graceful and beautiful my breath was completely taken away. Just be sure they don't swim right at your head and nearly take your mask off.
My family and I dove with 13 mantas, the largest measured 16 feet wide!
 And on Earth Day I took a picture of my blue marble next to the beautiful ocean :)
And I got to see some cute little green sea turtles!

ISTS Day 4: The Last Day

So I took a week-long break to Hawaii (which I will talk about later), but I feel I must sum up my experience in San Diego at the International Sea Turtle Symposium.

Basically the last morning was filled with lots of running around, packing up the tabling supplies, loading the car, sitting around, looking for people, more sitting around and then sitting through a few interesting sessions. Tabling over the course of ISTS was probably the low point of the conference, and talking to people about my poster was definitely the high point.

I was so glad to be done with tabling. At times it was fun to talk to passer-bys and get them interested in what STRP is doing, having them sign our petitions and giving out free stickers. It was definitely a great deal more interesting to sit in on scientific presentations and try to figure out what in the world they were talking about. On the last day in particular, there were two sessions I sat in on. The first was "Population Assessments" and the second was "Threats."
In the population assessments session I learned that there are seven different breeding stocks of leatherbacks in the Atlantic, the largest of which breed in French Guiana. Some other guy started talking about hawksbill sea turtles found in Jumby Bay and Buck Island in the Caribbean—those two locations I only remember because of their funny sounding names. And there was a lot of confusing terminology being thrown around, such as neophyte and remigrant. After a while I caught on: a neophyte is a first time nesting sea turtle, and a remigrant is a sea turtle that has returned, or remigrated (aha!), to nest again at the same beach.
In the threats session the most notable memory I have is listening to this guy with an Australian accent say the words "bathymetric depth" over and over and over again. Also learned about el Niño and la Niña and how they influence hatchling success and sex ratios.

Friday morning we took down our beautiful posters. I was registered as a student, I was given the opportunity to have my poster assessed, but unfortunately I never got the results back. I felt like I did a really great job anyway. Mostly because quite a few people approached me to tell me so. I guess that was enough of an assessment for me. You can take a look at my poster and others by STRP here!

To finish off ISTS with a bang, they had Dr. Wallace J. Nichols give the closing speech, and as always he handed out Blue Marbles and encouraged us to pass them along to others. I think I ended up with three blue marbles over the course of the week.

I'm glad I ended up taking this opportunity to travel down to San Diego and publish this poster. To be quite honest it'll do wonders for my résumé, but I think it was more valuable for me to be meeting people and seeing what other activists, college students and scientists are working on and what I may able to research or work on in the future. Maybe next year I'll find an internship with sea turtle research?

Also thank you thank you thank you to the friends I stayed with in San Diego. They made the week so fun and less stressful for me!

14 April 2011

ISTS Day 3: Foraging, Physiology, and Movement... Among Other Sea Turtle Things

There was nothing special about today, but I managed to see most of the presentations dealing with foraging and movement of sea turtles. Most specifically I was able to see a number of presentations about leatherback sea turtles, my new obsession. These gigantic creatures are kind of freaky looking at first, but being the biggest and most unique of the sea turtle species I now find myself absolutely in love with them. I keep hearing Marc Ward of Sea Turtles Forever talk about one leatherback female named Rosie that he's seen nesting repeatedly, and oh gosh I wish I could be there to see her!!


Anywho, back to the conference. I had planned to be here since 8am watching presentations, but honestly I cannot get up that early no matter how hard I try. I arrived just in time to watch a presentations about conservation of leatherbacks and loggerheads in South Africa. It was supposed to be about conservation, but it also talked a lot about how the different biologies of the turtles allowed for one species population to recover faster than the other (the leatherback being better suited for recovery). The reason for leatherbacks having more success is because their nesting is less specific, and so they cover a wide area. The loggerheads return to very selective beaches. There were also several comments made about how now the population of leatherbacks in that area is estimated to be made largely of males now, an explanation for why not more females are coming to nest on South African beaches. Or something like that.


I saw another super cool presentation about loggerhead babies being tagged and released off of Western Florida, and they were observed following the Gulf Stream north, but also swimming away from the stream, unexpectedly. There was another presentation about Australian flatback turtles and their migration patterns, as well as those of Eastern and Western Pacific leatherbacks (yes, there's a difference). The West Pacific leatherbacks are so cool because depending on where they nest and at what time of year, they follow different migration routes. Those that breed in the winter tend to stay around Australia and tend to be larger in size, especially longer in length. Those that breed in the summer migrate across the entire Pacific ocean to forage off the Western U.S. coast, and tend to have a wider carapace (shell).


One last thing I learned today: the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Shelf is an important foraging location for juvenile loggerhead turtles born in Eastern Florida. It was observed in a study being presented that there are distinct seasonal and day/night trends in the sea turtle surfacing behavior. It was observed that loggerheads rarely dive deeply at night, which would make sense because there is less light for foraging so why waste the energy.


Sorry if I bore you, but you did have the choice to stop reading you know.


Now I'm just manning the table, protecting our merchandise with my life. We're out of free chocolate (bummer), but on the bright side I got a free poster of butterflies in Sri Lanka. I also got a free poster from a Nicaraguan organization. And speaking of posters I haven't been able to check out that other plastics one yet. It will happen tonight sometime! One hour until my last poster presentation!

ISTS Day 2: Student Day

So I'm sitting in the middle of a session titled "Conservation Through Social, Economic, Cultural, and Legal Pathways." I've heard some pretty interesting stuff so far, but it isn't hard to catch on because it's not science so I can multitask for the time being. More on that later.

Yesterday was Student Day at the symposium. This didn't really mean much, I sat through some talks in the morning, sat at the table all afternoon, had another poster presentation session, student mixer (lame—I got my free drink and went to go sit at the Turtle Island table again), and then the film festival. The presentation I especially wanted to see yesterday was "To Eat or Not to Eat? The Roles of Choice and Vision in Ingestion of Marine Debris by Sea Turtles" by a student of University of Queensland named Qamar Schuyler. There are only four of us here that have done work with plastics and their affects on sea turtles, including myself and my supervisor, so naturally I had to see what she had to say.

Qamar's work was based of the Eastern coast of Australia and over the course of a few years she and her supervisor had performed over a hundred necropsies on dead turtles that had washed up onshore. I don't recall her saying anything about plastic causing these deaths; their research was mainly focused on what types of plastics turtles were eating and seeing if the sea turtles had a preferred choice of plastic.

A few people dropped by my poster yesterday. There is always someone who walks by and comments on the impossibility of ridding the earth of plastics completely. "You're working towards the impossible," they say. Screw them, they'll be kicking themselves in their graves when I achieve the impossible. I'm not trying to ban every single plastic ever made, but to decrease the amount we use/produce significantly would have positive effects all over the world.

Right now I'm just waiting for another five minutes until there will be coffee and pastries served out in the main hallway, then I'll probably stop by the table and see if I can attend any more presentations this morning. I'm probably going to switch over from advocacy to the more science/biology/foraging research oriented speeches, so won't that be interesting?

Later, I can't wait to see poster #217 which is the other plastic debris poster up in the display room. But more on that later!

13 April 2011

Blue Marbles

The story behind the blue marbles...

"When you've been given a blue marble, it is a gift to you for the good work you are doing for the planet.  Over one million blue marbles are traveling from person to person right now.

Hold your marble in front of you: this is how our planet appears from 1 million miles away.


Look closely into your blue marble at a light: in that much seawater you'll find an abundance of life and virtually every element. 

Hold your marble to your head and think of someone who helps heal the world.


Hold it to your heart, and imagine presenting your blue marble as a gift to them with a simple, "thanks for doing what you are doing".


Carry your marble until you find the right person to give it to.  Then, ask them to pass it along too. This is all we have: our only home, a fragile and beautiful blue marble."


Taken from bluemarbles.org


Yesterday I received a blue marble from the See Turtles table at ISTS. Made my day! 

ISTS Day 1: "Well this is going to be interesting, isn't it?"

Technically day 1 was Monday, but nothing exciting happened except for that myself and the other members of the Turtle Island Restoration Network team arrived at the symposium safe and sound. Now we're all registered, and things yesterday really kicked off.

This morning was the welcome event, which I missed... whoops. But there were lovely talks by Jeffrey Seminoff, the ISTS President, Peter Pritchard, a well known sea turtle zoologist, and Karen Bjorndal, a Prof at U of Florida who is also a sea turtle conservationist. Or I guess they were lovely, I wasn't there but I heard good things. The lesson here is to get there at 8 am even if you are told you don't have to be.

I did arrive just in time for the four-hour-long special session on "Finding Common Ground in Fisheries Management."It was a panel session made up of a few fishermen, a few men from the commercial fishing industry, an economist, a random professor who somehow knew something about fisheries but not sea turtles, and two representatives of environmental organizations (STRP and the Sea Turtle Conservancy).

First off, this symposium has over a thousand people in attendance. For some reason they decided to make this whole panel a bunch of old white men (and one woman), and the most diversity obtained was from an old white Australian man. They couldn't have gotten anyone else from the hundred other countries in attendance to speak about artesian fishing communities? Really?

Well despite that, the panel was incredibly interesting because of the bickering that went between Todd Steiner (STRP Director) and the fishermen/commercial fishery fellows. The first panelist introduced was a man named Peter Dupuy, who is a bitter California fisherman. Bitter, because he is no longer allowed to fish in California waters, understandable. He made his point that he had never harmed sea turtles with his fishery, and then showed pictures of Ostional, Costa Rica and claimed that they were poaching eggs. For a little background: Ostional is a community that harvests sea turtle EGGS in low low numbers. In exchange they provide necessary protection for the rest of the eggs, and they do not harm any of the actual nesting mother turtles. Overall, it is a completely sustainable program that has actually been beneficial to the sea turtle population.
Obviously someone didn't do his research. He also started calling unnamed NGOs "eco-terrorists"

The next panelist that was introduced was Marydelle Donnelly from the Sea Turtle Conservancy, and she flat out said that the National Marine Fisheries Service was to blame for not doing enough to help endangered sea turtles affected by the fishing industry.

I have written down a bunch of notes from this panel, but for the most part all I have written for the men from the fishing industry is "blah blah blah." They literally did not answer a single question asked of them and they bounced around from topic to topic, offering nothing except their opinions and not encouraging discussion. I believe the entire point of this panel was to get these individuals to see each others points of view, and to find a "common ground" on which they could agree. Naturally, this was not accomplished. There was a lot of talk that managing sustainable fisheries in order to protect sea turtles needs to be a part of a multinational effort, but honestly a bunch of white guys (and a gal) saying this is not going to help matters.

The Australian guy didn't seem to care about much, he explained the scientific method to a bunch of scientists. Really? Necessary? I think not. He did explain that the change in fishing and improved conservation needs to come from within communities, especially artesian fishing communities in third world countries. He said something about reaching out to the witch doctor in order to get the rest of the population to follow. The lesson of this story is, "Always look for the witch doctor first."


I loved most of the points Todd made—I have to, he's my executive director. He confronted the fishery guys about the use of special hooks and Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs), supporting that these technological advances are not going to work to save sea turtles all by themselves. There also needs to be other regulations in addition, there needs to be critical habitat established where fishing will not be allowed, and also a collaboration of efforts on protecting sea turtle nesting beaches. Every stage of the sea turtle's lives needs to be protected in order for their populations to rebound.

After that very long session, I grabbed some lunch and sat at our Turtle Island table in the main room until my supervisor, Chris Pincetich, gave his talk on challenges faced saving sea turtles during the BP oil spill. It was a short presentation but he brought light to a lot of issues that need to be addressed. During the BP spill, he explained, there was no on-water rescues of sea turtles being conducted until much damage had already been done. The coast guard especially weren't concerned with the animals out at sea that might have been affected, they waited until the animals washed up on shore to help them out. Not okay.

After his presentation it was time for the poster presentations and the cocktail hour. I grabbed a glass of wine and headed over to my poster and chatted with several people about my poster. I'll probably do an entire post on my poster and the points made in my poster because this post has really gone on for way too long.

Today is "Student Day" so there is much to look forward too. Student mixer tonight (another free drink!) followed by the Wild & Scenic Sea Turtle film festival where we will be showing The Heartbreak Turtle Today. I'll be here at the symposium until around 10 tonight with free wi-fi access, so I think I'll survive.

Pictures to come! As soon as I find my card reader...

06 April 2011

Plastic Debris Density Assessment Video!

So cool, I've made another video for STRP and another project called Sea Turtles Forever. Check it out!